Subdivision
| • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology | [X] |
| | 1 | Name: | Prof. Erwin Bünning | | | Institution: | University of Tübingen | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1906 | | | Death Date: | 10/4/1990 | | | | |
| 2 | Name: | Dr. Aaron J. Ciechanover | | | Institution: | Technion - Israel Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1947 | | | | | | |
Aaron Ciechanover was born in Haifa, Israel in 1947. He is currently on the academic staff of the Faculty of Medicine of the Technion in Haifa, Israel. He received his M.Sc. (1971) and M.D. (1975) from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel, and his D.Sc. (1982) from the Technion. There, as a graduate student with Dr. Avram Hershko and in collaboration with Dr. Irwin A. Rose from the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, they discovered that covalent attachment of ubiquitin to the target substrate signals it for degradation. They deciphered the mechanism of conjugation in a cell-free system, described the general proteolytic function of the system in cells, and proposed a model according to which this modification serves as a recognition signal for a specific downstream protease. As a post doctoral fellow with Dr. Harvey Lodish at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he collaborated with Drs. Alexander Varshavsky and Daniel Finley, and described the first mutant cell of the system, further corroborating the role of ubiquitin modification as a proteolytic signal in intact cells. Among the many prizes that Dr. Ciechanover received are the 2000 Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research and the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Dr. Ciechanover is a member of the Israeli National Academy of Sciences and Humanities, a foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA and a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences of the Vatican. | |
| 3 | Name: | Dr. Christian de Duve | | | Institution: | Rockefeller University & Catholic University, Louvain | | | Year Elected: | 1991 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1917 | | | Death Date: | May 4, 2013 | | | | | | |
Belgian biochemist Christian de Duve had been Emeritus Professor at both Catholic University, Louvain (since 1985) and Rockefeller University (since 1988) prior to his death on May 4, 2013 at the age of 95 at his home in Nethen, Belgium. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Louvain in 1945, training under Albert Claude and Hugo Theorell. A specialist in subcellular biochemistry and cell biology, Dr. de Duve was credited with discovering peroxisomes, a cell organelle, and his unique improvements on zonal centrifugation in the early 1960s led to the identification of the lysosomal fractions and its most important function in health and disease. His work on cell fractionalization has also provided a great deal of insight into the function of cell structures. For his work describing the structure and function of organelles in biological cells, Dr. de Duve, together with Albert Claude and George E. Palade, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1974. He is also the recipient of the Heineken Medal (1973) and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1975). He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1991. | |
| 4 | Name: | Sir John Bertrand Gurdon | | | Institution: | Wellcome & University of Cambridge & Magdalene College, Cambridge | | | Year Elected: | 1983 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1933 | | | | | | |
Professor Sir John Gurdon, FRS was educated at Eton College, where he did Classics, having been advised that he was unsuited for science. Accepted at Christ Church, Oxford on Classics entrance, but switched to Zoology (Head of Department Sir Alister Hardy) for his undergraduate course. His PhD was with Michael Fischberg, on nuclear transplantation in Xenopus. Obtained the first clone of genetically identical adult animals. Demonstrated genetic totipotency of somatic cell nuclei by obtaining sexually mature frogs from the nuclei of intestinal epithelium. Did postdoctoral work at CalTech, on bacteriophage genetics. Returned to Oxford as assistant lecturer in Zoology Department in 1962. Took six-month sabbatical leave in 1965 to work with Donald Brown at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore. In 1971, moved to MRC Molecular Biology Laboratory in Cambridge under the Chairmanship of Max Perutz, subsequently becoming Head of Cell Biology Division. In 1983, accepted John Humphrey Plummer Professorship of Cell Biology, vacated by Sir Alan Hodgkin, in University of Cambridge, in Zoology Department (Head of Department Prof Gabriel Horn). Initiated, with Prof R. Laskey, Cancer Research Campaign unit of Molecular Embryology in Zoology Department Cambridge. In 1990 moved to new Wellcome CRC Institute of Cancer and Development Biology in Cambridge. Served, 1990-2001, as Chairman of this Institute, which now accommodates 17 independent groups and a total of about 200 persons. Master of Magdalene College in Cambridge from 1995 to 2002 and from 1995 to 2000 served as Governor (Trustee) of the Wellcome Trust. Main directions in research have been: (I) nuclear transplantation and the reprogramming of somatic nuclei; (II) the use of Xenopus eggs and oocytes for mRNA microinjection, and hence gene overexpression; (III) analysis of signaling in normal development, and the use of signaling factors for the redirection of cell differentiation. Has received various recognitions for his work, including the Lasker Award in 2009 and the Nobel Prize in 2012. Interests: skiing, tennis, horticulture, Lepidoptera. | |
| 5 | Name: | Dr. Georg Klein | | | Institution: | Karolinska Institutet | | | Year Elected: | 1979 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1925 | | | Death Date: | December 10, 2016 | | | | | | |
George Klein was a professor and research group leader at the Karolinska Institute's Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center (Sweden). He joined the Institute as a research fellow in 1947 and achieved the rank of professor in 1957. Prior to that time, he served as instructor of histology (1945) and pathology (1946) at the University of Budapest in his native Hungary. A pioneer in the application of somatic cell genetics to cancer research, Dr. Klein began using immunological techniques to analyze the nature of malignant transformation. He edited Advances in Cancer Research for many years and wrote a number of books, including The Atheist and the Holy City (1990); Pîetà (1992) and Live Now (1997). A foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences, Dr. Klein was also a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the American Association of Immunologists. His many honors included the American Cancer Society Annual Award (1973), the Gardner Award (1976), the General Motors Sloan Award (1979); the Behring Prize (1977) and the Paracelsus Medal (2001). George Klein died December 10, 2016 in Sweden at the age of 91. | |
| 6 | Name: | Dr. Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard | | | Institution: | Max Planck Institute | | | Year Elected: | 1995 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1942 | | | | | | |
German biologist Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard is a widely acknowledged authority on embryonic limb regeneration, development and induction. She was awarded the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1991 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995, the latter for her work with Eric Wieschaus and Edward B. Lewis on the genetic control of embryonic development. With Wieschaus, she developed a spectacularly successful large-scale mutagenesis project that illuminated the development program of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. At the time of these experiments, molecular biology was mostly based on small-scale experiments that demonstrated principles or examples of possibly general significance. These experiments were not only distinguished by their sheer scale (with the methods available at the time, they involved an enormous workload), but more importantly by their significance for organisms other than fruit flies. It was later found that many of the genes identified here had homologues in other species. These findings have also led to important realizations about evolution, and they greatly increased understanding of the regulation of transcription and cell fate during development. Since 1985 Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard has been Director of the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Tübingen, Germany. She received her Ph.D. from Tübingen University in 1973 and also currently leads the university's Genetics Department. In 1986 she received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, which is the highest honour awarded in German research. | |
| 7 | Name: | Dr. K. VijayRaghavan | | | Institution: | Tata Institute of Fundamental Research | | | Year Elected: | 2021 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1954 | | | | | | |
K. VijayRaghavan is Principal Scientific Advisor of the Government of India. He earned his Ph.D. from the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, in 1984. Before working for the government, he was a professor at then director of the National Center of Biological Sciences, Bangalore.
K. VijayRaghavan is a well-known developmental biologist, noted for his work on integrated, sequential development of sensory and locomotory organs of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. He has led the Indian scientific community—the third largest in the world—as the Principal Scientific Advisor to the Government of India. Thus, he is India’s top science policy maker at time when the pandemic is spreading all over the country. Earlier he was Secretary to the Government of India, in-charge of the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), a very large government agency that oversees several national research institutes, affiliated with DBT. His election as a Fellow of the Royal Society and the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) recognizes his scientific accomplishments. He is accomplished in both doing science and influencing science policy.
Among his awards are the Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (1998) and the HK Firodia Award (2012). He is a member of the Indian Academy of Sciences (1997), Indian National Science Academy (1999), TWAS (Academy of Sciences for the Developing World, 2010), the Royal Society (2012), and the National Academy of Sciences (2014). He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2021. | |
| 8 | Name: | Dr. Vincent B. Wigglesworth | | | Year Elected: | 1982 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1899 | | | Death Date: | 2/12/94 | | | | |
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